Are filming permits in Europe actually enforced for small creators?

Do small brands and creators actually need permits every time they film casual content in public spaces in Europe?

I run a small brand and want to start doing simple lifestyle videos (things like “day in the life”, city streets, ocean shots, etc.) for social media.

From what I’ve read, technically you need a permit/license to film in public places like streets, lakes, or monuments (even for small shoots).

But I’m curious how this works in practice. Do people really apply for permits every time they shoot this kind of content? Or is this mainly enforced for bigger productions?

I’m talking about low-key setups (handheld camera, no crew, not blocking public space), not full commercial shoots.