How did Marine Biology play into the end of the Atlantic Cod Moratorium and continuing conservation efforts?

Hi all. Just recently spent some time in Newfoundland, and decided to read up on the Decline of Atlantic Cod because I know it hit the community hard.

Learned a couple of things, in particular that the moratorium only ended in 2024, and that apparently the population has not nearly recovered.

So I guess I was just curious of how this process happens from the perspective of the people who contribute for the conservation efforts.

How are the populations monitored? What was the process like moving towards lifting the moratorium? Is it frustrating that it was lifted with the population as diminished as it is, or are a lot of the articles I’ve seen very doom and gloom?