Large model-driven China-ASEAN mangrove protection and sustainable development framework: a case study of Guangxi, China

Mangrove ecosystems face critical challenges from climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and fragmented conservation paradigms. This study constructs a large, model-driven, multi-agent framework for mangrove protection and sustainable development in the China-ASEAN region, using Guangxi mangrove protection as an empirical case to explore the application pathways of technological innovation in cross-border ecological cooperation. Through the integration of literature review, case studies, and policy simulation, this study systematically analyzes the limitations of traditional mangrove protection paradigms and proposes a three-level “Perception-Decision-Execution” collaborative multi-agent architecture. It is projected that the application of this framework in typical regions, such as the Beilun Estuary and Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi, will lead to significant improvements in the mangrove ecosystem recovery rate, increased community economic income, and enhanced annual carbon sequestration. This study innovatively constructs a “Technology-Theory-Practice” three-dimensional collaborative theoretical system, providing a novel theoretical analytical framework for mangrove protection and sustainable development, and explores how emerging technologies can enhance mutual trust among China-ASEAN partners, particularly through blockchain-enabled transparent record-keeping and federated learning that respects data sovereignty. The policy recommendations section combines recent international developments, including the 2025 UN Ocean Conference and the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion, to propose forward-looking and actionable policy frameworks. These technological foundations are critical for advancing bilateral marine cooperation and governance in the region. This study provides innovative practical pathways for promoting China-ASEAN marine economic cooperation and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly “Life Below Water” (SDG 14) and “Climate Action” (SDG 13).